The United States Constitution, in Article III, 2, gives the Congress the power to permit federal courts to hear diversity cases through legislation authorizing such jurisdiction.

She said 33 states had enacted legislation permitting courts to order joint custody.

A public outcry led to a state law permitting courts to force mentally ill people to comply with treatment.

Article III of the United States Constitution permits federal courts to hear such cases, so long as the United States Congress passes a statute to that effect.

He also permitted courts to be used in television and film productions, and organised regular workshops for journalists on the legal pitfalls of court reporting conducted by the Courts Information Officer.

The concept permits courts to intervene at an early stage with younger offenders, creating the real possibility, now all but nonexistent, that criminal justice could actually turn their lives around.

It permits courts, on a case-by-case basis, to respond to the most compelling inequities.

Critics also fear the reciprocal consequences of permitting American courts to judge the conduct of foreign nations.

It would permit federal courts to entertain such claims by giving federal judges the discretion to select a state law to apply.

Above all, fidelity to the "open justice" principle keeps Britain free from the reproach that it permits "secret courts" of the kind which have been instruments of repression in so many other countries.