He investigated series of ammonite fossils which appeared to represent the coiled and uncoiled forms of similar shells, and considered that they arose as 'pathological' forms.

In its patently pathological form, the effects of ascorbate deficiency are manifested as scurvy.

In its pathological form, perfectionism can be damaging.

The "Selfish brain" theory amongst other things provides a possible explanation for the origin of obesity, the severe and pathological form of overweight.

Necroptosis plays a role in various pathological forms of cell death, including ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections.

He proposed a developmental line with one end of the continuum being a normal form of idealization and the other end a pathological form.

Anthropophobia is an extreme, pathological form of shyness and timidity.

But the pathological form of narcissism impels people to achieve for neurotic reasons.

Hence, idioglossia - the word for a private or pathological and, in either case, unintelligible form of discourse.