The former 80% is a wrong summary number; the latter is an estimate of the quantity of interest with a particular assumption about the missing data.
The advantage of such methods is ease of computation, however accuracy is dependant on the particular assumptions made.
Japanese values are cultural assumptions and ideals particular to Japanese culture.
The particular assumptions are simply that is well less than the band-width and comfortably bigger than the interatomic spacing.
In iatromathematics, there is a particular assumption that there is an impact of various energetic fields caused on the star bodies.
The following considers the simple case where a unique solution exists without making any particular assumptions.
One particular assumption having received much attention in fiction is popularly known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
Hence a strain image may, under particular simplifying assumptions, be interpreted as representative of the underlying Young's modulus distribution.
The presence of omitted-variable bias violates this particular assumption.
Starting from the theory of job search we specify an estimable model which is derived under a particular assumption regarding the dynamic behaviour of the unemployed individual.