Under Albert's guidance, the six brothers participated in various joint ventures and/or owned several minority interests in oil & gas exploration, development, and distribution.

In all likelihood, they will... participate in joint ventures that typically have a transparent business structure.

Experts said this could involve leasing locomotives and wagons, becoming involved as concessionaires and consultants, and participating in joint ventures.

"We should participate in joint ventures and help train their people, by teaching them how to fish but not providing them with fish," he said.

Sojitz also participates in joint ventures with foreign companies in Japan.

In the years immediately following the Colebrooke-Cameron Reforms civil servants were ill-paid and allowed to participate actively in outside economic ventures.

Over the four years, several hundred students have participated in such ventures.

The first recognizable commercial associations were medieval guilds, where guild members agreed to abide by guild rules, but did not participate in ventures for common profit.

The fund will be the financial beneficiary in the Park Slope project, and is expected to participate in future ventures in walk-up construction.

Firms participate in joint ventures that hire teams of researchers to develop technologies that the firms will share.