The construction and dedication of Marian churches is often indicative of the Mariological trends within a period, such as a papal reign.

However, his first papal reign was a short one.

The French introduced the use of the Guillotine which was continued after the Papal States regained their sovereignty (first beheading by guillotine under papal reign: 1816) until the last executions.

Pope Paul VI was the last pope to date to begin his papal reign with a formal coronation in June 1963.

Cerebus is threatened by Weisshaupt's secret invention of cannons, but Weisshaupt suffers a heart attack and Cerebus continues his papal reign of terror.

Often, these brief papal reigns were the result of the political machinations of local Roman factions, about which few sources survive.

He was the oldest pope and had the second longest papal reign before Pope John Paul II.

A native of Bavaria, he was the third German to become Pope and had one of the shortest papal reigns.

Because of the short duration of the papal reign, only 34 days, and the late prelate's publicly stated anxiety about certain Vatican financial organizations, considerable speculation was generated in the world press.

Pope Gregory V, however, wished to inaugurate his papal reign with acts of mercy and pleaded for clemency from the Emperor, who issued pardons to those he convicted.