Theodwin participated in the papal elections of 1144 and 1145.

At the last papal election, we said We are the pope!

He was one of the cardinal-electors in the papal election, 1254.

Gambling on papal elections has at least a 500-year history.

This suggests that he was serious in his desire to keep papal elections free.

For anyone trying to look ahead, previous papal elections offer rough guidelines.

The reason may have been due to negotiations regarding imperial control of papal elections.

That same year, he took an active role in a disputed papal election.

The major part of the bull deals with papal elections.

I can give you examples of papal elections that tended to be bought and sold.