In their reading, they show "minimal understanding of written and oral text."

The oral texts were composed by a great number of rishis.

This means both oral and written text which can be used to improve the linguistic command of the pupils and also develop their communicative skills.

Authorities are divided on whether Rabbi recorded the Mishnah in writing or established it as an oral text for memorisation.

In China, three oral texts were used to teach children by rote memorization the written characters of their language and the basics of Confucian thought.

Another branch of philology, cognitive philology, studies written and oral texts, considering them as results of human mental processes.

The Shruta Kevalis (who knew the complete oral texts)

There is no indication of whether Wisolf was writing down an oral text, or whether he was copying an earlier written version.

LEVEL 3 - Students demonstrate understanding of written and oral text with some attention to meaning beyond the literal level.

LEVEL 2 - Students demonstrate partial understanding of written and oral text at a literal level.