In Eisenbud's own words, "Unfortunately, I couldn't get an astronomer or optical scientist to agree."

The Optical Society of America was founded in 1916 by 30 optical scientists and instrument makers based in Rochester.

"Unfortunately," wrote Eisenbud, "I couldn't get an astronomer or optical scientist to agree."

Acting as art detective, Mr. Hockney teamed up with an optical scientist, Charles Falco.

Aden Meinel, 88, American astronomer and optical scientist.

The optical scientist having access to these various representational forms has available a richer insight to the nature of these marvelous fields and their properties.

Decades later, in the 1930's, Dr. Edwin Land, the American optical scientist who developed the Polaroid camera, came across lab reports from the British experiments.

Roger Bacon, the 13th-century optical scientist and philosopher, used the device to obtain a safe direct image of the sun.

The venture was a financial disaster, but some optical scientists thought they might be of use in restoring 3-dimensional sight to people with one eye.

The venture was a financial disaster, but some optical scientists thought they might be of use in restoring three-dimensional stereoscopic sight to people who have lost vision in one eye.