They were first demonstrated with population gratings on atoms.
Pressure of light on atoms in the field of frequency-modulated waves.
Then I read the chapter on atoms and molecules in my science text.
Surely an early start on atoms and molecules must somehow be brought about.
Its focus is fundamental research on atoms, simple molecules, electrons and light and their interactions.
When light of suitable wavelength falls on atoms, their electrons jump to a higher energy state.
I wanted to work on cooling atoms," she said.
Other theoretical work towards experimental realizations is based on cold atoms.
The observations focused on atoms of iron in what is called an accretion disk.
He was an early theorist of a matter theory based both on atoms and compounds.