He is a fine leader of offensive patrols, and has himself shot down four enemy machines.

He has led numerous offensive patrols, accounting for eight enemy machines.

While leading an offensive patrol he attacked and brought down a hostile machine.

He flew 102 offensive patrols in six months, and steadily accumulated victories through 9 November 1918.

The first offensive patrols over enemy lines took place on 18 February 1918.

He has shown the utmost dash and judgment as a leader of offensive patrols.

While on an offensive patrol he attacked and destroyed an enemy two-seater machine.

He led an offensive patrol against seven of the enemy; three were destroyed.

He was airborne again on an offensive patrol the next day.

He has shown great skill and daring as a leader of offensive patrols.