When dealing with the square roots of non-negative real numbers this is easily done.

Let be a convex proper function with and be a non-negative number.

The product of an element with its conjugate is a non-negative real number:

The probability semiring of non-negative real numbers under the usual addition and multiplication.

Later it was shown that in that case they can be any non-negative real numbers.

In most modern operating systems the size can be any non-negative whole number of bytes up to a system limit.

In the potential method, a function Φ is chosen that maps states of the data structure to non-negative numbers.

The absolute value of a number is the non-negative number with the same magnitude.

The probability of an event is a non-negative real number:

It is either a non-negative real number or .