For most of 1990, Mr. de Maiziere served as East Germany's first and last non-Communist leader.

Their message was repeated today in the Rumanian newspapers, which like the television are now controlled by the country's new, non-Communist leaders.

Kotane was a well-respected member of the struggle for majority rule in South Africa by even non-communist leaders.

The former was to be in Communist hands; the latter was to be governed by non-Communist leaders.

There was a confrontation over Poland as Stalin scorned his promises for a free election, jailed non-Communist leaders and installed a puppet regime.

The authors further comment that his group's "association with non-Communist and nonviolent leaders, including clergymen, has tended to cloak the nature and extent of its operations."

He said non-Communist leaders in Eastern Europe had asked the BBC to continue its programming and were giving it facilities for local rebroadcast.

"Help us," Poland's new non-Communist leaders have been saying for months to foreign politicians, bankers and business leaders.

This spurred the non-communist leaders of Prajamandal to try to expel the communists.

The good news is that political problems facing the new non-Communist leaders are much less than they expected.