A new threat that is becoming researched is the effect from nitrogen deposition.

The studies done in Europe have shown diversity among plants decreased due to nitrogen deposition.

Current models are estimating what could happen to hotspots across the world if nitrogen deposition keeps increasing.

By comparing to past research, nitrogen deposition has already increased 50 percent since the 1990s.

Considering the great plant diversity in the Tropical Andes, especially so many endemics, nitrogen deposition could be a sever threat.

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in world biodiversity hotspots: the need for a greater global perspective in assessing N deposition impacts.

Reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides will also reduce nitrogen deposition in water, improving coastal ecosystem health along the East and Gulf coasts.

In addition, NOx and SO2 reductions are also needed to reduce continuing damage from acid rain and nitrogen deposition.

These pollutants contribute to a variety of health and environmental problems, such as smog, acid rain, nitrogen deposition and visibility impairment.

Other potential threats to the species include air pollution (i.e., acid rain, nitrogen deposition), extreme weather conditions, and global warming.