That plan called for newsstand owners to pay for the new kiosks, at an estimated cost of $25,000 to $40,000 each.

And the newsstand owners' resistance could once again torpedo the public toilets.

She said newsstand owners have reported that the clean look seems to be working.

The average newsstand owner makes less than $10,000 a year from the sale of printed material.

The boys later became, "sluggers," thugs hired by a newspaper to beat newsstand owners who did not sell the paper.

The newsstand owner (jornaleiro in Portuguese) used to sell it only for known consumers.

For others, the name had to do with the habit of newsstand owner to hide the magazines in other publications, sometimes religious.

Most of the existing newsstand owners would be allowed to remain, but they would not share in the advertising revenue.

Some newsstand owners, however, said that sales of the paper were down, in some places by as much as 30 percent.

Even as newsstand owners worried that they might become targets, some of the violence yesterday involved papers sold by homeless people.