In this setting the naval planners who shaped stratagies in both countries began working out scenarios for how a future conflict in the Pacific might be fought and won.

The third phase received the least consideration, but naval planners were aware that Singapore was too far from Japan to provide an adequate base for operations close to Japan.

While some naval planners and commanders saw the carrier as the capital ship of the future, it was still possible to plan for a naval war to be dominated by the battleship.

German naval planners in the 1890-1910 era denounced the Monroe Doctrine as a self-aggrandizing legal pretension.

By 1900 American "naval planners were obsessed with German designs in the hemisphere and countered with energetic efforts to secure naval sites in the Caribbean."

The torpedo boat caused considerable worry for many naval planners.

In the Pacific, with Japan viewed as the major threat to American security, naval and military planners began building up the defenses of Hawaii and other possessions.

But despite such corrective measures, the problems posed by newer generations of weapons continue to confront naval planners in the present day.

To United States naval planners, none was necessary and the orders to invade Kiska soon followed.

Here too was an added complication, because naval planners wished to avoid the danger of flotillas colliding, becoming mixed together and confused.