It was a stark reminder to investors and politicians around the world of China's willingness to play the nationalist card.

The power structure will attempt to silence its critics by playing the nationalist card.

One possible explanation: If political leaders cannot control their economies to assure rising living standards they must and will play the nationalist card in the contest for power.

While European executives are generally more open to cross-border deals than politicians, some play the nationalist card when it suits them, to ward off unwanted suitors.

The Soviet leader was not specific when he denounced "attempts by enemies of perestroika to play "the nationalist card.

He abandoned the nationalist card that brought him to power but has no economic benefits to show in return.

"Our country is capable of dominating this sector on a global scale," said Mr. Pebereau, 57, playing the nationalist card.

First he played the nationalist card, one that has worked well in the past.

In one part of the continent, former Communists play the nationalist card and foment lethal nationalisms - Milosevic being the most egregious example.

He used the Chinese nationalist card to his advantage to keep himself in power.