By the mid-1960s, a new nationalism was emerging.

Nonetheless, peripheral nationalism may also emerge in regions with lesser economic development, as was the case in Ireland or Scotland.

On the world scene, with the demise of the cold war, religious nationalism has emerged as the most dangerous challenge to the freedoms that Americans most cherish.

Macedonian nationalism asserts a distinct Macedonian identity, and first emerged as a thin intellectual movement in the 1860s.

First, a radical liberal nationalism emerged and was a dominant voice in the political discourse of Lower Canada from the early 19th century to the 1830s.

In parallel to this, a new catholic and ultramontane nationalism emerged.

Pashtun nationalism emerged following the rise of Pashto poetry that linked language and ethnic identity.

After the Napoleonic Era, nationalism emerged as the dominant ideology in Europe.

Finnish nationalism emerged, focused on Finnish cultural traditions, including music and - especially - the highly distinctive language and lyrics associated with it.

In the following years, romantic nationalism slowly emerged.