These two mutations both create out of frame transcripts leading to eventual stop codons and premature truncation of the protein.
Yet over deep time, and under changing conditions, mutations may also create novel forms that confer positive advantages.
If the mutation creates or destroys a restriction site then this can be simply examined in the products of the reaction.
In defining the rate of evolution in the anchor one has the problem that random mutation creates.
Intronization is the process by which mutations create novel introns from formerly exonic sequence.
There must be a zero percent mutation rate between generations, because mutations can alter existing alleles or create new ones.
Over time, successive mutations created the relationship we observe today.
The mutations have created "one of the strongest genetic signatures of natural selection yet reported in humans," the researchers write.
The genetic mutation provoked by those factors eventually create mutant cells that are basically immortal, and just invade the body.
That synthesis holds that mutations to DNA create new variants of existing genes within a species.