A daughter of the ruler of Ammia (in modern Syria).

In 1643 he was appointed as governor of Damascus (in modern Syria).

However, a few did emigrate from the slopes above Beirut and from modern Syria proper.

He returned to excavate the site from 1911 to 1913 and then again 1929, now under French stewardship following the creation of modern Syria.

He is the author of several books on modern Syria, including:

His son, Hafez, 10, is named after his father, whose coup and 30-year dictatorship created modern Syria.

Between the world wars, France was given a mandate over the area of modern Syria and Lebanon.

Today, this place is usually equated with modern Lebanon and the coast of modern Syria.

Wailing countrymen mourned him as the father of modern Syria.

It is notable for being the first winery in modern Syria.