They faced criminal charges and were found not guilty of misleading investors about the risks involved in the subprime market.
The main criminal sanction on Black not overturned is specifically one of misleading investors.
By contrast, one company, WorldCom, recently paid $750 million in civil fines for misleading investors.
They either breezed over the conditions or buried them in the back of the prospectus, perhaps misleading investors.
If it is charged with misleading investors again, it will face much more severe penalties.
After being told by an associate that his father was misleading investors, he reportedly said, "I can't control my father."
Raju may face life imprisonment if convicted of misleading investors.
Mr. Keating has been charged with misleading investors and is free on bond.
These analysts knew they were misleading investors and yet they gave bad advice.
Even in the post-Enron era, some executives still think nothing of misleading investors, analysts and their customers.