The P.R.C. seeks military-related technology through a broad range of activities that complicate U.S. counterintelligence efforts.

To this end the P.R.C. has used access to its markets to induce U.S. business interests to provide military-related technology.

At the very least, Europe should consider banning sales of military-related technology and restricting diplomatic visas.

International Signal also made millions of dollars in other illegal sales to South Africa, including military-related technology and land mines.

In view of these commitments, China's apparent determination to amass as much military-related technology as it can, as quickly as possible, is troubling indeed.

In addition, witnesses said, the panel's conclusion that China had stolen military-related American technology may prove to be the most explosive part of the report.

But Vietnam, like China, is restricted by American limits on the export of military-related technology.

Nonetheless, officials said, Mr. Huang obtained at least one secret Government report on exports of military-related technology to China, which he kept in his office safe.

The committee will continue to examine the U.S. export control regime and its effectiveness in preventing the transfer of sensitive military-related technologies to potential adversaries.

Financed from the military budget, Darpa's mission has been to promote military-related technology.