Bechtel and Richardson state that today vitalism "is often viewed as unfalsifiable, and therefore a pernicious metaphysical doctrine".

Descartes argued that many predominant Scholastic metaphysical doctrines were meaningless or false.

The metaphysical doctrines of Kabbalah support and deepen normative Jewish observance.

Subjective idealism, or empirical idealism, is the monistic metaphysical doctrine that only minds and mental contents exist.

These two aspects correspond to the metaphysical doctrine and the spiritual method.

Socrates is known for his dialectic or questioning approach to philosophy rather than a positive metaphysical doctrine.

Their account is in full agreement with Aristotle's description of Plato's metaphysical doctrine.

The exposition of metaphysical doctrines, which forms the cornerstone of Guénon's work, consists of the following books:

Some of the forms will be metaphysical doctrines, ethical systems, literary theories, religions, myths.

Usually, pragmatism was put forth to correct metaphysical doctrines or to construct empirically verifiable ones rather than to provide a wholesale rejection.