In this reaction the oxidation state of the metal cation oscillates between n and n+1.

It may also be helpful to indicate the oxidation number of a metal cation, where appropriate.

In very rare cases, the groups introduced are already neutralized by a metal cation.

Interestingly, many metal cations are also required in the process.

Virtually all biochemicals exhibit the ability to dissolve certain metal cations.

With metal cations, phosphate forms a variety of salts.

It appears that a stable ring structure is formed between complexing agents and metal cations.

The presence of the metal cations makes the water hard.

It reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.

These uses usually revolve around removing or deactivating metal cations.