One is PM 10, the longstanding standard, which measures small to medium-size particles.
The probability is estimated by measuring other particles and their properties.
As the energy of the particles produced by the accelerator increases, the detectors attached to it must grow to effectively measure and stop higher-energy particles.
The Amazon tests have been made possible now only by the development of new instruments that can measure gases and particles on the smallest scales.
Astronomers say a sensitive new technique of measuring subatomic particles from the exploding star, or supernova, has yielded tantalizing clues about the its makeup.
The system will be capable of high event rates with ancillary detectors to measure light charged particles or neutron.
NanoSight develops and produces instruments that visualize, characterize and measure small particles in suspension.
They were on holiday, taking a break from monitoring the ozone layers in the stratosphere and measuring stratospheric particles that affect ozone depletion.
One thought is that they may be useful as tiny scales to measure tinier particles, such as bacteria, which may aid in diagnosis.
A more novel approach could measure relatively large single particles traveling through the channel.