In this the concern was to measure public opinion as a guide to political action.
In Russia's peculiar form of democracy, officials measure public opinion largely by what citizens do not do or say.
In Soviet society, there was no need to measure public opinion; officially, dissent didn't exist.
The newspaper industry was therefore among the first to make use of the development of scientific surveys for measuring opinion.
To traditional pollsters, a random survey adjusted to reflect the general population is the only way to measure public opinion properly.
In this profoundly undemocratic world, Western standards for measuring public opinion simply don't apply.
During a summer spent in town before his third football season, Herman Moore did not have to go far to measure public opinion.
But their results may therefore differ from other polls that seek to measure opinion as it exists at the time of the poll.
"It's the first time I've seen that in nearly 50 years or measuring public opinion."
Over the last 30 years, the Eurobarometer has been a very useful tool for measuring public opinion, perceptions and orientations.