With the support of modern technologies for controlling, modeling and measuring atmosphere-biosphere interactions, the 'invisible' process of climate change, in recent years, has been "moulded onto territorial ground".

Bio-Layer Interferometry is a label-free technology for measuring biomolecular interactions (protein:protein or protein:small molecule).

Bio-Layer Interferometry is a label-free technology for measuring biomolecular interactions within the interactome.

Biacore 3000 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Spectrometer:a facility using SPR to measure biomolecular interactions.

Therefore, it takes very precise equipment to measure gravitational interactions between objects that are small compared to the Earth.

A magnetometer and a plasma-wave analyzer to measure interactions between the coma and electrically charged particles streaming from the Sun.

Dual polarisation interferometry Dual polarisation interferometry is a label free analytical technique for measuring interactions and associated conformational changes.

The SFA, however, is more ideally suited to measuring surface-surface interactions, and can measure much longer-range forces more accurately.

Surface plasmon resonance-based instruments use refractometry to measure and analyze biomolecular interactions.

In certain situations the algorithm can underestimate the usefulness of features as it has no way to measure interactions between features.