United States tax law attempts to define a comprehensive system of measuring income in a complex economy.
The right approach, he said, was to measure income over a lifetime, not at a particular moment.
Measuring income by per capita is another way to look at personal earnings by race.
Total return is a two-part formula measuring income and change in share price.
But this figure, whether rising or declining, tells only part of the story about poverty in America: It measures only income.
Instead, the government has decided to produce figures which measure low income against average income.
Another way of measuring GDP is to measure total income.
There are many ways to measure income, none of them perfect.
The method is flawed because it measures income on an annual basis instead of a monthly basis.
The World Bank uses the so-called "living standard measurement surveys" to measure income.