Big companies trying to reduce costs relocate their business processes partly or entirely to the countries where costs of operation are lower and low-paid labour is available.

Many nations also have large numbers of guest workers who are brought in to do seasonal work such as harvesting or to do low-paid manual labor.

Advocates for the Mexicans say most are hard-working and fill a demand for low-paid manual labor.

Opening up the printing trade to women could be seen either as the unscrupulous recruitment of low-paid labour or as the expansion of opportunities for educated working-class girls.

Upstart carriers, like Southwest and Reno, cut costs by hiring low-paid labor, providing little customer service and flying short routes - thereby avoiding the hub-and-spoke system.

Under relentless competitive pressure from other countries, which have drawn manufacturers by offering low-paid labor, German workers have settled for extremely modest wage increases for the last five years.

A minimum wage is a tax on low-paid labor.

The counterdemonstrators argue that poor Mexicans are lured across the border by menial jobs and that, indeed, commerce in California depends on their low-paid labor.

Developing countries are offering deals, including tax breaks and low-paid labor, that bottom-liners cannot resist.

He works as a helper on building sites, casual, low-paid labour.