Having advanced kidney disease or being on long-term dialysis, a treatment for people with kidneys that have stopped working.

But no suitable donor organ could be found and finally, weakened by long-term dialysis, he was taken off the waiting list when doctors decided his body could not stand an operation.

Cinacalcet is used to treat hyperparathyroidism (overactive functioning of the parathyroid glands) in people who are on long-term dialysis for kidney disease.

Deficiencies can occur in severely malnourished people or in those receiving long-term dialysis or intravenous feeding.

Following the deanship, McManus returned to research at the Medical University of South Carolina, producing a detailed description of the histopathologic changes occurring in kidneys after long-term dialysis.

A study done with patients beginning long-term dialysis showed that the sociodemographic barriers to renal transplantation present themselves even before patients are on the transplant list.

Many examples of good rehabilitation practice have developed simply because medical teams have seen obvious need: cardiac rehabilitation, or the support given to people on long-term dialysis or those who have undergone organ transplants, are a few examples.

Roughly one-third of persons with HUS have abnormal kidney function many years later, and a few require long-term dialysis.

What if I need long-term dialysis?

Dr. Avner said his assessment was that "long-term dialysis would not only be inappropriate but would be immoral."