These names survive in local place-names such as Chuck Hatch and Chelwood Gate.

The local place-names still testify to it: Sanguineto, where the blood ran, Ossaia, place of bones.

Locals have placed the battle at a number of local place-names (Lasantulich, Dalchaisnie, Inverchaddan and names with Sasunnaich).

Microtoponomy is the gathering of local place-names within a townland for instance.

However, many if not most of the local place-names are in French or Auregnais.

Europeans would often refer to the indigenous people living in an area by the local place-name, and so reference may be found in contemporary documents to "Canarsee Indians".

Other local place-names based on the river include Hallrule, Abbotrule, Ruletownhead and Spittal-on-Rule.

Métivier blended together local place-names, bird and animal names, traditional sayings and orally transmitted fragments of medieval poetry to create these.

The place-name is of Celtic origin along with other local place-names such as Hemyock and Whimple.

Reminders of this are found in the local place-names of Zionshill and Knightwood.