There also appears to be no strong evidence linking exposure to a toxic chemical with any of the four types of cancer found among the Giants.

In 1981, Dr. Trichopoulos did research in Greece linking exposure to passive cigarette smoke and lung cancer.

Ms. Hawes says that Dr. Clapp will testify about dozens of studies linking chemical exposure to higher cancer rates.

As you note, no scientific or medical study has linked chemical exposure by troops to gulf war illness.

Some epidemiological studies have linked exposure to formaldehyde over several months with certain forms of cancer, such as leukemia.

Studies have linked exposure to various levels of methylmercury in utero to neurological disorders in children.

Experimental and epidemiologic evidence has linked exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation with up to 2% of solid cancers and leukemia.

Early developmental stages appear to be the period of greatest sensitivity to its effects, and some studies have linked prenatal exposure to later physical and neurological difficulties.

In a 1995 review of the literature, Paul Okami concluded that there was no reliable evidence linking exposure to parental nudity to any negative effect.