The total volume of ice in the south polar cap plus the adjacent layered deposits has also been estimated at 1.6 million cubic km.
The seabed acted like a huge tape recorder, and the same proved true of the layered deposits of old volcanoes on land.
Both residual ice caps overlie thick layered deposits of interbedded ice and dust.
The polar layered deposits are some of the youngest geologic units on Mars.
These polar layered deposits lie under the permanent polar caps.
Radar produced a cross-sectional view of the north-polar layered deposits of Mars.
Chasma Australe, a major valley, cuts across the layered deposits in the South Polar cap.
Another possible source of the layered deposits could be wind-blown, but the diversity of the layers suggests that this material is not dominant.
The island is surrounded by very steep rugged cliffs of layered volcanic deposits.
The summit is composed of layered deposits of volcanic ash and pyroclastic material.