The $4.1 billion lawsuit did not name Skype's parent company, eBay, when initially filed.

The lawsuit named Paul, the hospital, and the anesthesiologist as defendants.

The lawsuits also name Colonial's accountants, lawyers and banks as co-defendants, charging that they should have detected the fraud.

At least four civil lawsuits name Mr. Ruble and his former employer as defendants.

The lawsuits did not name Jackson Hewitt as a defendant.

The lawsuit even named Roosevelt personally without Taft's knowledge.

The lawsuit did not name Hare specifically.

The more recent lawsuits have named Domino's as the defendant rather than the chain's roughly 3,400 franchisees.

Who or what a lawsuit might name as defendant was "left open," Howe said.

The lawsuit originally named a host of medical organizations and teaching hospitals as defendants.