In common laboratory strains of E. coli the transfer of the entire bacterial chromosome takes about 100 minutes.

The final step involved placing the mutant genetic material into a laboratory strain of the E. coli bacterium.

Most laboratory strains were found in human-made environments such as gardens and compost piles.

So they took a laboratory strain of tame fruit flies and set up pots of food that could be protected by single males.

In Hydractinia, work on laboratory strains has revealed that this ability rests at two genetically inherited loci, called alr1 and alr2.

The common laboratory strain has a mutation that prevents the formation of a O-antigen and is thus non-typeable.

The base rate appears to be 10% in laboratory strains but this is subject to many influences.

Many (but not all) laboratory strains are inbred, so as to make them genetically almost identical.

Last, while microbes work well in laboratory conditions, there is often a problem in transferring a successful laboratory strain to a natural system.

Loss of editing is lethal in most cases, although losses have been seen in old laboratory strains.