Non-pipeline businesses often could not keep up with the demand for higher wages, and job turnover was high.
The project examines several aspects of the relationship between job turnover and unemployment.
Heavy job turnover - often well over 100 percent in a year - also has its effects.
The agencies, which have won praise from the home health care industry and experts on aging, report job turnover of less than 20 percent.
City officials said the reorganization would help reduce job turnover and increase professionalism.
A higher wage will reduce the high job turnover in these low-wage industries.
Because of low pay and harsh conditions, job turnover in food processing is among the highest in the nation.
Both job satisfaction and job turnover need to be measured.
County officials said annual job turnover shows no clear trend.
He noted, too, that there is a lot of job turnover; one and a half years is the norm at each position.