In banking this was done through the use of sales transactions (focusing on the fixed rate return modes) to support investing without interest-bearing debt.

In return, the builder plans to halve its interest-bearing debts by March 2004, reduce executive pay as much as 27 percent and cut 15 percent of its staff.

Nissho Iwai and Nichimen together have 2.4 trillion yen ($19.4 billion) in interest-bearing debts, nearly 14 times their equity.

In turn, Coke's borrowing capacity will increase because it will be able to remove $403 million in interest-bearing debt from its own balance sheet.

Kleinfeld, which employs about 150 people, had only $10 million in sales last year, but now carries no interest-bearing debt, she said.

Altogether, the rescue plan is meant to reduce the company's interest-bearing debts by 40 percent, to $7.5 billion, and to restore the company to profitability.

By charging interest and ground rent on their own assets and property, temples helped legitimize the idea of interest-bearing debt and profit seeking in general.

Its interest-bearing debt totalled 1.7 trillion.

Increases (or contractions) of the money supply corresponds to growth (or contraction) in interest-bearing debt in the country.

The replacement of interest-bearing debt with interest-free debt and public sector projects financed through profit-sharing mechanisms would alleviate many of these problems.