But inserting genes into human cells in full working order has proved to be exasperatingly difficult.
It was suggested that these new genes inserted into cells could make the cell cancerous.
Inserting whole genes into cells is difficult, so most companies rely on a genetically modified virus as a carrier.
One current use of optical tweezers is to insert genes into cells.
This plasmid can be inserted into either bacterial or animal cells.
In their experiments, the investigators inserted genes for immune system hormones into cells taken from a mouse's cancer.
The 5 B parts are adapted to inserting the A part into epithelial cells.
They built a corresponding piece of DNA and inserted it into human cells.
Access to cells is possible because biologists can insert needles into cells without killing them.
As many as 19 eggs may be inserted into separate cells of a single leaf.