Two industry-sponsored studies, carried out by a team that has been critical of Dr. Hayes's work, have failed to replicate the findings with the clawed frog.

Studies of the issue suggest more bias in industry-sponsored studies.

Despite some signs of life, the New York theater industry is still in decline and beset by rising costs and lagging audiences, an unusually detailed industry-sponsored study has concluded.

Tom Hayes, chairman of a recent industry-sponsored study, estimates that the valley has lost 30,000 jobs in the last three years or so.

Of the industry-sponsored studies in 2003, 84 percent had positive results, compared with 62 percent of those with no backing from drug manufacturers.

That year, two of every three independently financed studies were randomized, compared with one of three industry-sponsored studies.

They concluded that the previous industry-sponsored studies were flawed and that the pesticide posed an unacceptably high risk to bees.

JAMA's policies on conflicts of interest and policies applied to industry-sponsored studies are more stringent than those of any other leading medical journal in the world.

Several industry-sponsored studies that will collectively include that many patients were outlined Monday.

But E.P.A. scientists said many of the industry-sponsored studies had a variety of problems, including testing conditions that led to high mortality in their frogs.