The industrial chimneys have largely gone and the remaining mills have mostly been converted for other purposes.

The death camps were a fearful parody of the factory, right down to the industrial chimney itself.

Today the use of reinforced concrete has almost entirely replaced brick as a structural component in the construction of industrial chimneys.

However, unlike any terrestrial city, there seemed to be no towering skyscrapers or tall industrial chimneys spewing smoke into the air.

We could see the occasional shaft of sunlight picking out a church spire or an old industrial chimney as we drew close to Brussels.

Most 18th-century industrial chimneys (now commonly referred to as flue gas stacks) were built into the walls of the furnace much like a domestic chimney.

The first free-standing industrial chimneys were probably those erected at the end of the long condensing flues associated with smelting lead.

Decorative embellishments are a feature of many industrial chimneys from the 1860s, with over-sailing caps and patterned brickwork.

The everyday industrial chimney shoots upward toward the sky, changing color as it tops the tree line.

It was incorporated as a private limited company in 1932, when its primary work was with industrial chimneys.