First, the countries with surpluses have built import barriers that make it impossible for them to take in any imports.
Economic changes included lifting import barriers exposing local companies to international competition.
Japan began the postwar period with heavy import barriers.
Among other things, imposing import barriers here can provoke retaliation.
That $700-million-a-year market was briefly closed this year by Russian import barriers.
The Administration said it would take legal action against Chinese import barriers if negotiations did not yield results in several months.
Japan compounds the problem with import barriers, despite many promises to reduce them.
Brazil is suddenly dismantling import barriers dating back to the 1960's.
Although we are trying to reduce import barriers for industrial products and services, it cannot be done at the expense of health.
Brazil, the other nation on the list, defended its import barriers.