The new post-World War I Germany, stripped of all colonies, became 13.3% smaller in its European territory than its imperial predecessor.

The nation states typically had a more centralised and uniform public administration than its imperial predecessors: they were smaller, and the population less diverse.

Unlike the German award, however, the design of the modern Austrian award is unlike that of its imperial predecessor.

The countervailing pattern or trend of globalization and democracy can be looked to in a similar way, but also as a route beyond its imperial predecessor.

Like the empire it served, it was a direct continuation from its imperial Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defense and survival of the state than its earlier iteration.

Like his imperial predecessors, he became the pontifex maximus of the state and assumed tribunician power each year.

At Pavia in 1160 and again at Avignon in 1162 Frederick I Barbarossa emulated his imperial predecessors by summoning councils to deal with the schism caused by the disputed papal election of 1159.

By 900, these districts had become de facto independent states, their ruling princes still titled as iudices or judikes ("judges"') after their imperial civil servant predecessors.

The most ambitious of Benito Mussolini's building plans, the 420-acre EUR was to be an entirely new city rivaling in scale and grandeur the capital of his imperial predecessors.

Centuries of conquest by the PRC's imperial predecessor have given Vietnam an entrenched suspicion of Chinese attempts to dominate it.