There is a luxuriously aristocratic high culture, whose roots lead back to imperial Spain and to Jesuit savants and the Catholic orders.

San Diego-Tijuana traces its European roots to 1542 when the land was explored by Portuguese explorers on behalf of imperial Spain.

This was the Mineral de Toledo, that legendary hole in the earth whose name had been more famous in imperial Spain than that of Lima or any other city in the New World.

Further early sovereign defaults include seven defaults by imperial Spain, four under Philip II, three under his successors.

Interestingly, instead of dwelling on the brutality of the conquest, the exhibition ends by demonstrating how imperial Spain and the Roman Catholic Church exploited the artistic talent of the Aztecs.

Finally, the Spanish monarch Philip II relives his haunted life on his deathbed; his deranged piety, his agonizing demise, seem to coincide with those of imperial Spain itself.

Rupert went on to fight against imperial Spain in the successful campaign around Breda in 1637 during the Eighty Years' War in the Netherlands.

To the west lie the modern hotels and suburbs where diplomats and Communist functionaries dwell, to the east Old Havana and the fortresses of imperial Spain.

The present dispute originates with imperial Spain's claim to all "New World" territories west of the line established in the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.

The region of Texas was claimed by both royal France and imperial Spain.