This work revealed the key innate immune receptors through which mammals sense infection.

There exists a specific innate immune receptor that recognizes flagellin, Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5).

A study on the immune receptors for polysaccharides from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus, a Chinese medicinal herb.

Plants also carry immune receptors that recognize highly variable pathogen effectors.

The immune receptors of the innate immune system present in the gut are the primary targets of strategies for immunomodulation via diet.

To test this hypothesis, the researchers knocked out the mouse version of a gene that encodes a protein that acts downstream in the signaling pathway triggered by these immune receptors.

The protein also functions as a type 1 membrane immune receptor that mediates the endocytosis of glycoproteins by macrophages.

The immune system recognizes viruses when antigens on the surfaces of virus particles bind to immune receptors that are specific for these antigens.

After an infection, the body produces many more of these virus-specific immune receptors, which prevent re-infection by this particular strain of the virus and produce acquired immunity.

Vertebrates seem to have taken advantage of this fact by possessing an immune receptor (TLR5) designed to recognize this conserved protein.