One Swapo campaign official feared illiterate older voters would mistake the torch and vote for the other party.

They were also represented by photographs intended to help illiterate voters.

The dangers of confusion for illiterate voters is compounded by two factors.

The grandfather clause was used in many states temporarily to exempt illiterate white voters from literacy tests.

Television played an important equalizing role, bypassing traditional power brokers and bringing the candidates' words directly even to illiterate voters.

They discouraged participation by the lower classes and illiterate voters.

This extension added protections for blind, disabled, and illiterate voters.

To aid illiterate voters the parties would print symbols on the tickets.

Each party or independent candidate had their own logo such as an owl or horse for the ballot paper to help illiterate voters.

How could they hold elections with so many illiterate voters?