The new analysis also illustrates the toll being taken by heavy borrowing.
That, coupled with the heavy borrowing to buy stocks, touched off the plunge.
Their alternative was heavy borrowing and a large public sector.
The county's risky plan, which also included heavy borrowing, led to the biggest municipal bankruptcy ever.
But the heavy borrowing of money to buy bonds alarms some analysts.
Those losses seem to have been magnified by the fund's use of heavy borrowing.
But today's heavy borrowing has a concrete purpose, literally.
The economic slowdown will not affect long-term interest rates for the next month because of heavy borrowing by the Treasury.
It is also facing a liquidity problem because of heavy borrowing, with up to $1 billion in bank debt.
The heavy international borrowing of the 1920s now became a serious liability.