The rear of the station included a large waste tank, propellant tanks for maneuvering jets, and a heat radiator.
The ET was outfitted with two compressors and many square meters of heat radiators which were also eternally shaded from the sun's warming rays.
These gases were run through separate compressors and heat radiators until they liquefied.
Alpha could now be seen as a multi-branching collection of cylinders, solar panels, and heat radiators.
This segment, 44 feet long and 15 feet wide, will provide mounting points for four giant solar arrays, heat radiators and two science laboratories.
Mir is a cluster of modules, solar-power panels and heat radiators, its core launched nine years ago.
Stretching 356 feet, the finished truss will provide mounting points for four giant solar power arrays, heat radiators and Japanese and European research equipment.
And the heat radiators from the belly of the ship were probably melting off ice and causing a microclimate to form around them as well.
Unpolished flooring surface materials and treatments have very high emissivity's (0.85 to 0.95) and therefore make good heat radiators.
Another improvement was the use of aluminum fins as a heat radiator.