In particular, you are likely to have a neighboring body, so there is gravitational interaction between the two bodies.
These distortions are results from the gravitational interactions with its neighbors.
The gravitational interaction among these galaxies should continue for hundreds of millions of years.
Therefore, it takes very precise equipment to measure gravitational interactions between objects that are small compared to the Earth.
If both were actually observed, then any difference in the gravitational interaction would have to be very small.
For the same reason, such a shell would have no net gravitational interaction with anything else inside it.
A possible cause of such a warp could be gravitational interaction with the satellite galaxies near M31.
The gravitational interaction is affected, however, and decreases in proportion to mass, as it naturally would.
In this case, the single spiral arm may actually be formed by a gravitational interaction with another galaxy.
All of these objects are galaxies involved in gravitational interactions.