The larvae feed on the inflorescences of certain grape species.

Because phylloxera is native to North America, the native grape species there are at least partially resistant.

The best-known grape species in reference to viticulture include:

In some grape species, clusters ripen collectively which allow them to be harvested together.

Different grape species prefer various soil conditions, although there are general quality factors.

But vinifera - the European grape species that yields the world's finest wines - shared center stage.

The solution, worldwide, was to graft grapevines on two native American grape species that were resistant to the insect.

The larvae feed on various grape species.

They are also resistant to pests and diseases, including Pierce's disease, which can destroy other grape species.

Then they looked at 28 related grape species and found one that produced no tartaric acid.