In the Ice Age, Harringay was at the edge of a huge glacial mass that reached as far south as Muswell Hill.

On the mountaintops the glacial masses of frozen atmosphere were already melting and thus added further breathable air to the environment.

He spends much of his year like a migratory bird, traveling from one glacial mass to another, including the Himalayas and mountains in Peru, Kenya and Alaska.

The Missouri, Yellowstone, and Musselshell rivers flowed eastward around the glacial mass, eventually settling into their present courses.

The summers were short, with a few days so hot they belied the nearness of any glacial mass of ice, but generally it was cloudy and cool, with little rain.

Out there on the northern plain, many miles away but glaring so fiercely that it was visible here, a vast glacial mass was marching south.

They came out on top of the glacial mass and looked around them.

Fluctuations of ice in Antarctica, which holds most of the glacial mass, are the least understood, said Wilfried Haeberli, the center's director.

The Missouri River flowed eastward around the glacial mass, settling into its present course.

But even more important were the fogs and the mists evaporating off the glacial masses of frozen water, because they filled the skies with rain clouds.