Most scientists have adopted the hypothesis that because of this, it is unlikely that genes and proteins arose independently.

"New genes do arise by mixing and matching parts," Dr. Palmer said.

I think it's almost an impossibility to stamp out deformed genes, new defective genes are arising in the population all the time.

It is now clear that these genes did not, in fact, arise in early vertebrates.

They have so far made little progress in figuring out how genes and the cellular machinery arose or how they work.

First, deleterious genes arise constantly through mutation within a population.

The genes for disgust probably arose by accident and then became common through natural selection.

It is still unclear how orphan genes arise.

Some new genes arise from old genes through a process of duplication followed by divergence.

Novel genes can also arise from previously non-coding DNA.